Blog on Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature

Archetypal means images and symbols are representing in literature its called archetypal.
Archetype  refers to   constantly recurring symbol or myth  in literature.

1.  “Archetypal criticism looks in literature for patterns and traces them through work of classical antiquity into modern texts and interprets those reverberations as symbols or manifestations of universal human conflicts and desires.”

2. Here Frye- analogy of physics with nature and criticism with literature.
 Nature = physics 
Literature = criticism
Language = grammar
Northrop Frye gives this analogy to prove that as science – physics has grown today  as a separate branch of science. They are moving ahead from knowledge what was available to them. But in literature  and criticism it is not so. We are brightening the corner where we are. Instead of doing that we have to move further in knowledge about criticism by standing on the shoulder of some other critic.    

3. Archetypal criticism is based on philosophy and History of people. As it has been said that literature includes history as well as philosophy to convey its meaning so it displays events and ideas.
History and philosophy are two important pillars of literature. History gives events and philosophy gives ideas. And writer combines both and creates work of literature. Thus both are important to literature. We are not studing history or philosophy but talking only their help to understand literature. 


    4. Inductive method of analysis text. Inductive method proceeds inductively from particular truths. 
It’s based on “certain kind of Scholarly organization”.
That is form particulars truth is an work , he draws form General truth.
The scene of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digging  scene we may say that  Then we can say that prince Hamlet is a tragic hero because during this scene for the first time he confesses his love towards Ophelia and was ready to die for his love. hamlet emerges as a Archetypal Hero because this is a recurring pattern happening in our literature. He represents such a Archetypal hero who is ready to die for the sake of love. and for that we have to move step back. For this he gives example of painting. When we closely see picture only thread-fabric-brushwork is visible. But when we move step back, picture becomes clear. Same in literature when we study this seen- existentialism etc. will be seen. And at last this archetypal hero emerges. 

  5. Deductive method of analysis text. An Archetypal critic under the deductive method of analysis proceeds to establish the meaning of a work from the general truth to the particular truth.
Literature is like music & painting .
Rhythm  is an essential characteristic of music & in painting pattern in the chief virtue.
In literature both are recurrence of images forms & words.
Comparison of Literature and Rhythm.
  Rhythm  :- Narrative
Pattern :- verbal, structure for meaning.

6. four seasons
In comes the leaves of  fall
So beautiful it will enthrall
Wonderful red yellow and brown
Mother nature should wear a crown
Then comes the snow 
And the streets are aglow
With the children playing like animated dolls 
Then suddenly spring calls
April showers may come down
 Just when you are walking down town
Along the beach the tide is high
As all the children walk by 
Soon it begans to get hot
Now summer we have got 
Some time you feel the sun’s rays
Heating up through the humid haze
The circle goes round and round
Four season we are bound.

 This is a  poem in which seasonal symbols are used by poet. Different seasons have different meaning according to Archetypal criticism. All this symbols recurrently occur in this sort of poem.
 

Blog on T.S. Eliot's 'The Waste Land'

1.Friedrich Nietzsche Presents the concept of ‘The Ubermensch’, it means (Superman)the superior man, who justifies the existence of the human race, and also it means that as a goal for humanity to set for itself. He believing in Progressive and forward looking things, it presented in his ‘The Ubermensch’. Nietzsche’s idea different from what T.S .Eliot  presented in  ‘The Waste Land’  . Nietzsche’s belief in some morality led towards different world. On the other hand Eliot deals with Past, Present , and Modern world in ‘The Waste Land’. In the last section, Eliot points out the way for spiritual salvation through the following of the philosophy of the Buddha. Man must give himself over to the cause of religion. 

2. to Eliot, it was said that You, Mr. Eliot, of are the opposite opinion. For you the salvation of the man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition, which, in our more mature years, lives with great vigour within us than does primitiveness, and which we must preserve if chaos is to avoided.
Freud gave importance to free outlet of basic instinct. To fulfill it is more important. It is basic desire. So there is nothing wrong. Which was earlier believe to be. But this freedom which Western society into chaotic life. But this thing lead them  towards  spiritual degradation, people burning with lust, spiritual draught, chaos in society

.
So T. S. Eliot has to write  that “salvation of man lies in the preservation of cultural tradition to revive faith in god- he writes like this and gave solution to preservation of cultural tradition. Thus, both Freud and Eliot gave their views. It is true that free vent to  the repressed primitive lead to happy life, but it should be in limited way. The real problem is that Freud had not told  what people  are doing. So both things are important, but in its limit.


3. The Indian allusions are of “Ganga”, “Himavat”, “Data”, “Dayadhvam”, “Damyata” and “Shantih, Shantih, Shantih”.He makes use of Indian allusions in the last part- which symbolically mean that he comes to Indian Spirituality for the solution of his questions. Data means be a giver, what have you given? Dayadhvam means sympathy for others. Damyata means Self- control. He ends his poem by lines  Shantih, Shantih, Shantih, which is taken from Upanishad.

Blog on on Harold Pinter’s ‘The Birthday Party’

Here my interpretation on Harold Pinter’s ‘The Birthday Party’.

Harold Pinter’s play is a unbounded by many facts. Any sort of single interpretation of Pinter’s play is not possible. He show us in the play blindness, Society’s treatment of an artist and Growing up to adulthood from childhood. One can think of nothingness in every single possibilities. 

The Birthday Party is full of disjointed information that defies efforts to distinguish between reality and illusion.It is a deeply political play about the individual's imperative need for resistance.

Here we say that the menace evolves from actual violence in the play It may develop from a feeling of uncertainty and insecurity. The audience may be made to feel that the security of the principal character, and even the audience’s own security, is threatened by some impending fear. This feeling of menace establishes a strong connection between character’s predicament and audience’s personal anxieties. In play characters of Stanley and Meg is the main medium for comedy in the play. And also we can say that all characters of the play  suffering from some unknown fear. And The House represents security from the outside world but sadly it is impossible to sustain.

 Here my view on ‘The term ‘Pinteresque’, The term defines by Swedish Acedmey, Susan Harris Smith observes: The term 'Pinteresque' has had an established place in the English language for almost thirty years. Pinter's plays are typically characterized by implications of threat and strong feeling produced through colloquial language, apparent triviality, and long pauses. And dramas emerge from the power struggle and hide and seek of interloution.

‘The Birthday Party’ as a political play with reference to Harold Pinter’s  Noble specch; ‘Art, Truth and & politicas’  in that pinter clarify that

‘There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. A thing is not necessarily either true or false; it can be both true and false.’

As we know that when language has its own politics when it on the hands of politicians . power speaks all the things .but in power the real truth is that there never any such thing as one truth to be found in dramatic art. In his speech he talks about delightfully and sensibly argues about that his play is real situation, truth in drama is forever mysterious. And then he talks about the U.S. and says that ‘I spoke earlier tapestry of lies and describes Nicaragua as a ‘totalitarian dungon’.

Yes, movie is successful creating meaacing effects. When McCann and Goldberg came and Stanley ran away with fear from the kitchen. And also the Scene of Blind man’s Bluff is the most important scene of the play or movie. These scene show upcoming danger on protagonist.

 Camera performed vital role here,  in the movie the role of camera is well positioned and successful in creating approprite effects.  In those scenes it shows particular person’s mental condition. What others are doing or thinking about him. 

In the movie the character of Lulu we can say that Lulu is not a major character in the play. In the play we saw that Stanly was trying to seduce her means here we can say that in the modern age woman also suffers from sexual harassment and some other things. We find that in the play Pinter sketches her character in dumbness and we can say that here Lulu’s character represents those women who can’t do any intellectual work.

During watching the play we may find silence situation, character were not move and sometimes they not speaks dialogues too .One more matter of putting “Silence" and “Pause" in movie so it’s very high-quality idea to satire on scenes silently in a hidden way.

 In the movie there are number of symbols uses by director  like mirror, toy drum, newspapers, breakfast, chairs, window-hatch etc. Like Mirror is telling lie to us. It shows us what we want to see. It gave false image of us. Newspaper is shows as means of communication between Meg and Petey.

Thus, Director has magnificently prepared the movie. After the watching the movie we can say that, they are capable to tell what they wanted to. Situation, character, camera work, and dialogue everything is perfect.  

My Blog on the play ‘Waiting for Godot’ by Samuel Beckett

Here my view on the play ‘Waiting for Godot’  by Samuel Beckett 

Playwright inspired from this painting. The setting of the play is a tree and evening time. Here given the painting of Caspar David Frederick. In this painting we can see same setting as this play have. There are two people waiting for something, here in the play Vladimir and Estragon are waiting for Godot. And another painting, we can see the tree is sprouted and in the Act-II of the play the tree is blossomed. It shows hope.

 In the play the setting of tree is only important thing because in the play we can see the same changing in the tree, tree is fully appreciated and it is very symbolical. The tree is hope for both tramps. In Act I the tree has no leaves and also this symbol shows that nothingness and also it’s a symbol of nature and of life. And 2nd act we can see the tree has four or five leaves, so it’s symbolizing the hope. So It is thinkable for us that how the tree is blossomed in one night, so we can say that they are waiting for Godot still much time.

 In both Acts, the symbols of night and rising Moon are symbolizing, we can say that Night is the symbol of death and it is also one type of hope for new day, piece and hope. We can also interpret as a cyclical process .

Yes, after the watching the play (movie) we can see use of debris in the play by director and it’s also symbolizing the reality of our life. In our life time is more important rather than anything. In Guajarati we can say that ‘ samay samay balvan che’;  so it’s symbolizes that If we don’t use our time in proper way than our life is fallen down like the building and became like debris.

The play begins with the dialogue “Nothing to be done” so its means something happen and also play is connected with central theme of ‘nothingness’. And play deals with the ‘Hopelessness’ and ‘Endlessness’ in at the end. It has not a kind of ‘Happy Ending’ but put the Question which was a quality of Absurd Theatre.

Yes , I m believe that this play is positive . Because it provides Optimistic things of living life .here In this play the Character Vladimir who shown as a optimistic one, who always waiting for fellow name ‘Godot’.  It is all about desire and goal of life.


 In the play use of Hat and Boots are very props way, we can say that its use of both are crystal-clear ways in the play.  We say that the uses of both is highly dipper meaning and philosophical way. The characters of the play is Vladimir and Estragon, this both symbol connected with us. That symbolizes ‘one is physical work and one is mental work’; the character Vladimir is connected with Hat so shoes that he is mind-higher, very thinkable people in the play. And the character of the Estragon, it’s connected with symbols of Boots and its shows that his body-lower, physical work.

 We can interpret hat as constructed mentality, and another we can see the changing Hat means changing the ideas or thinking from other mentality. Boot which hurts and not appropriate means we accept the ideas which feat well to us.

 Yes, Lucky’s obedience is extremely irritating; we can’t understand that how he is so obedient, what is the meaning behind that for Lucky we can say that his behavior is unbearable The characters of the play Lucky and Pozzo it’s shows that both are relation is master slave relation but it is extreme level of slavery, what Lucky represent. Here in the play Pozzo presented as a Master and Lucky is Slave.

As we know that Godot in invisible character in the play. In the play there is no particular idea for Godot, we can take  that meaning or symbolizes that as God or desire or death because both are waiting for God or may be death, one must be free to interpret. Sound of Godot is also similar way of God.

My opinion is that ,after the study of the play we can say that subject of the play is not Godot but waiting, it symbolizes that hope of something and we can say that may be waiting for the death or something  success or the passes their time. They themselves don’t know why they are waiting.

Reading and Audio-Visual both things have it s own effect on reader and on viewer. After the watching and study the play I will say that both things are better but the audio visual is help in better way understanding the play. Because when we watching the play there are some dialogue we cannot think about the individual dialogue which words have. But in the play character performance through  show which dialogues are much important with its tone, felling and acting. Even after finishing the play, it makes us thinking for long time.

In the play I like this sequence more: Vladimir – Estragon killing time in questions and conversations while waiting, Pozzo – Lucky episode in both acts.


It is all about search for Something .Yes, we can feel the effect of existential crisis. We can say that Vladimir and Estragon’s waiting is endless and meaningless at the same way human existence in the universe because existentialist believe in that idea, and it shows something symbolically truth about life.

Vladimir and Estragon both are still waiting for Godot .while Godot is not come they think for while to go for suicide, but they can’t. The effect of existentialism clearly shown in this play, because existentialism itself represents the empty human condition. While in the movie it is clearly represent by the character of Estragon and Vladimir. Nothingness is the major part of their life.

 Yes in the play we can see the same political think. The characters of the play are leave to different place. And also they all are represented that his idea, culture, traditions. And Samuel Buckett has try to them to represented to these character. And also we can see in the play political, historical, and social thinks.

Here in this Context we may find Autobiographical things in this play. Smauel was the Disciple of James. And James who was don’t like the England .so here Beckett presents this things in this play as master a slave relationship. 

My Blog on Virginia Woolf's "To The Lighthouse"

Here my view on Virginia Woolf‘s ‘To The Lighthouse’ 

(1) In literature, stream of consciousness is a method of narration that describes in words the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters. The term was coined was initially coined by a psychologist William James in his research “The Principles of Psychology”. The use of the stream of consciousness technique is a defining literary aspect of “To The Lighthouse”, along with the use of flashbacks-recollections, as well as the changing perspective and narrative voice from character to character. Then we can say that, this technique is too tough to know at first reading of the novel.”  This Technique of Stream of Consciousness, through they say about the highlight ideas, feelings and thoughts of people intentionally, complication of human relationship, and also class conflicts and all this things can be found. In this novel this technique to show the inner chaos of the common people by this novel, her narrative technique can be categorized as complex one, which indicates several features as enlisted below, complexities of human relationships and Scuffle of women in the society.

(2) After the study of the novel we can say that this novel “To the Lighthouse” is a tribute to Mrs. Ramsay and critique as per my perspective, we can say that Virginia Woolf gives more importance on her characters rather than others characters of the novel. Mrs. Ramsay also thinks as a Victorian Woman .so her mind work as Victorian rigidity. In the center part of the novel Mrs.Ramsay was dies but she remains alive into the heart of the readers. The relationship between Mrs Ramsay and Lily Brisco was artificial; Lily has been working on painting a picture of Mrs Ramsay, who is a hard subject to paint considering how much she is always distracted by her role as mother. That painting also Symbolizes woman’s struggle in patriarchal society. Against gender convention: “Women can’t paint or write”. The process of Lily’s painting throughout the novel can be seen as not only a symbol of the artistic dilemma faced by the modern artist, but specially o a female artist. So that Lily Briscoe described the character in the novel. In Mrs. Ramsay’s character we may also find things same like as  ‘Indian Nari’.She provides hospitality in better way , she also bridge in her family .


(3) The Lighthouse means a place which shows the way and warns of danger. That light symbolized the ray of goodness. It is symbolized like truth triumph over darkness. And also we can say that spiritual bridge to other people, and also titular significance. In the novel Lighthouse stands for Mrs Ramsay or narrator and The Lighthouse can be indicated as a Symbol of Ramsay’s Family. In this novel Woolf also present in the character of Lily Briscoe, this character through Woolf also presents the strength. And we can also say that family problem is not so painful rather than social problems. Therefore this novel can be a symbol of the family.

(4)  Mythical study of the novel ‘To The Lighthouse’, after
We can find two myths like Oedipus and pagan myth. This both myths are represented unconsciously in this novel. Oedipus myth we cannot see directly in the novel. In the novel Oedipus myth connected with the character of James who was youngest son of the Ramasy’s. His attraction towards his mother, He also loves his mother deeply and feels a murderous antipathy towards his father. So he was suffering from the Oedipus complex in this novel through James character. The Pagan myth includes mothers, daughters and wife. The Pagan myth presented importance of female role as woman is very much cared about her duty and played thrice role of mother, wife and daughter in this myth Rhea is presented as a mother, Demeter is presented as a wife and Persephone is presented as a daughter. These three roles of woman we can see in the role of Mrs.Ramsay so this myth is very near in this novel.

(5) As my perspective the meaning of the German term 'Künstlerroman', it is mean growth of an artist, and in other words we may say that struggle of an artist. In the novel we can find that growth of an artist through the character of Lilly Briscoe. And also we can see Lily’s character is somehow  struggle in her Art. So in this novel the character of Lily makes this novel as a ‘Kunstlerroman’.

Movie review on Midnight’s Children and The Reluctant Fundamentalist.

 What is Post-Colonialism.?  Post-colonialism means time after  colonialism. Post-colonialism is study of culture after the physical and political withdrawal of an oppressive power. Post colonialism rejects the dominance of western culture. It challenges Western Knowledge system about East.

Now, My respond of both film Midnight’s Children and The Reluctant Fundamentalist. we can also say that both film are related to the themes of postcolonial studies.

  Midnight’s Children

            Midnight’s Children one of the most much-admired novel by Salman Rushdie. He is Diasporic writer. Who is an Indian-born British essayist and fiction writer. He says about this topic ‘Midnight’s Children’- Indian pessimism. He gives ideas of historical fact and magic realism in novel.

            Midnight’s Children movie is luminously directed by Deepa Mehta, this movie is also based on this novel. The movie is a controversial , that has tragedy, romance and comedy . The movie has a dramatic and mysterious touch that gets you an entire picture of Indian’s journey through all its trials..

The movie is highlighting the two lives of two individual born at the stroke  of midnight when India achieved its independence. This movie take through all the ages beginning from the grandparents to  the children. Born , poor become rich, rich  become poor. Changing of the children plays  vital role in changing plot of the movie. Saleem becomes Shiva and Shiva becomes Saleem, and then movie turns around their lives. Son of rich becomes poor and poor boy suddenly becomes rich. Which is fine example of class conflict in India  at that time.

Here in the case of  Saleem and  shiva  I observed there is a crisis of  superiority , why it happened ? because one is by birth Muslim and one his Hindu . as we know that it is the time of independence, and there where  so many geographical problems takes place . yes it was the time of  partition . so on that base it clear .

In movie the Characters of Parvati, Shiva and Saleem  presents through  magic realism. Magic Realism is also plays vital role in making movie believable. If this technique want used then perhaps we Wont believe in the story. Through magic realism all children brought together in the movie, and it gives novelty to the movie and makes it more interesting.

Movie is also political allegory, presenting dark side of partition, then the war with Pakistan and Emergency. So it looks  like Rashdie as a outsider criticizing india. The scene of india in  the  movie is of slum, poverty which looks defaming india. It looks towards india like western people does.

The Reluctant Fundamentalist

            The Reluctant Fundamentalist  is novel by Pakistan born writer Mohsin Hamid. This movie is also based on this novel.

            The Reluctant Fundamentalist movie is brightly directed by Meera Nair Dir. The whole movie is talk about relations between East and west. The story of the movie narrates in flashback by Changez  Khan. The story of the movie is young Pakistani man is chasing corporate success .In this movie we can see that how has to reality between in film and  Reluctant Fundamentalist in this film main theme.

In this movie we can see the American political affairs and news about  that he watch T.V in shows 9/11 in America land the terrorist attacks to world trade center. That scene at all that fundamentalism and film focus on Changez is also Pakistani everything. This attack 9/11 makes him question all his value and he becomes a logical example of anti-capitalist morals and principal.

After the attack of terrorist in America we can see the how problem coming of Changez khan life in New York. Here we can see the term of Orientalism by Edward said. Orienatalism is a style of thought based an ontological and epistemological, distinction made between Orient- the Eastern part of Asia and it is opposite to occident. And movie also talk about the how western countries see the East countries, in movie Character of Changez Khan is say about what is real fact about the east countries. Also we can say that all Muslim are not terrorist, but whenever capture any terrorist it’s Muslim. So our mind concept that all Muslim are terrorist. After reading the term Orientalism our and also same part of world’s people change the concept of mind his all Muslim are not terrorist but they all are first human being.

He goes back to his roots in Lahore , but he now different person, taking on a different world. Now he become third person mixture of the Pakistani poet’s son and the New York businessman. Now a professor , he spend same time in this tea shop with his many faithful students.  He works as professor but American agents doubt them as terrorist. At the end of the movie, American realize that Changez is innocent.

So film challenges American theory of doubting muslim people. It gives voice to this people.

Movie Review - Manjhi - The Mountain Man

Manjhi - The Mountain Man

Why did I like  “Manjhi - The Mountain Man”

“SPEED DOEN’T MATTERS, BUT DIRECTION DOES."

                    A film by Ketan Mehta and after long time NFDC produces a film after Quissa or Thaher desh. Movie introducing Nawazuddin Siddiqui as dashrath, Radhika Apte as fagunia, Tigmanshu Dhulia as mukhiya of Gehlore village of Bihar. Radhika Apte was also lead part of short film “the day after everyday ”by anurag kashyap. There she is doing an ordinary house wife roll. Tigmanshu Dhulia is mukhiya of village and a high class man who against the law of equality. NAWAZUDDIN SIDDIQUI introducing as dashrath manjhi – the mountain man in movie. Whole movie is around the mountain man’s love, aim and unbelievable dedication.

                  The starting of movie is make little bit unconscious about Why, How,  What ? but after some flash back/forward we get the little idea about the movie. 

Dashrath comes from Dhanbadh to his village with wearing yellow color shirt and red pent, which shows the aim he achieved by wearing a yellow color and how power full he was feeling when coming back to home from job/work and law of equality also there so Yellow|Red color used was good idea.

            Then movie shows the real problems and relations of people after Independence and how people used to live in ‘60s. The lower class people are untouchable and they used to work at lower grade, do not allow to use public sources. One of Dashrath’s friend burned into brick stone manufacturing place, after that Dashrath and his friend doing philosophy about the death and powerless lives. This particular scene was shot after astronomical twilight. Where whole sky is blue (Blue color is use for hope & powerless).

                 Movie is based on love story, but romance in this movie is very unusual. They fight for his love but movie is not based on that. Movie is based on if you loved someone what you can do for her/him. Dashrath want to break mountain but he was facing many external and internal problem, but there is a will there is a way. A movie shows how hard he worked and face, so many problems. Acting of Nawazuddin Siddiqui is as usual real like character have to be. Radhika Apte also doing a great work in acting. Tigmanshu Dhulia is a master of doing high class bihari role as in GOW. Other actors also done his/her part very good. Direction of movie is wonderful with good cinematography.

                  After seeing this movie I can deduce that for the success either you need AIM or LOVE. Bill Gates, Steave Jobs, Ratan Tata might be have AIM in their life and that’s why they succeed, and people like Dashrath Manhji, Chrish Gardner (real life story same as this movie “the pursuits of happyness (2007) ” have LOVE with someone.

              All Over NFDC done a great job again and this time with Ketan Mehta “Manjhi – The Mountain Man ” India’s Real story based movie.

Reference: If It’s Purple, Someone’s Gonna Die by “Patti Bellantoni”